Current Issue : July - September Volume : 2012 Issue Number : 3 Articles : 5 Articles
This paper presents an effective vehicle and motorcycle detection system in the blind spot area in the daytime and nighttime\r\nscenes. The proposed method identifies vehicle and motorcycle by detecting the shadow and the edge features in the daytime,\r\nand the vehicle and motorcycle could be detected through locating the headlights at nighttime. First, shadow segmentation is\r\nperformed to briefly locate the position of the vehicle. Then, the vertical and horizontal edges are utilized to verify the existence\r\nof the vehicle. After that, tracking procedure is operated to track the same vehicle in the consecutive frames. Finally, the driving\r\nbehavior is judged by the trajectory. Second, the lamps in the nighttime are extracted based on automatic histogram thresholding,\r\nand are verified by spatial and temporal features to against the reflection of the pavement. The proposed real-time vision-based\r\nBlind Spot Safety-Assistance System has implemented and evaluated on a TI DM6437 platformto performthe vehicle detection on\r\nreal highway, expressways, and urban roadways, and works well on sunny, cloudy, and rainy conditions in daytime and night time.\r\nExperimental results demonstrate that the proposed vehicle detection approach is effective and feasible in various environments....
This paper describes a fault-tolerant steer-by-wire road wheel control system. With dual motor and dual microcontroller\r\narchitecture, this system has the capability to tolerate single-point failures without degrading the control system performance. The\r\narbitration bus, mechanical arrangement of motors, and the developed control algorithm allow the system to reconfigure itself\r\nautomatically in the event of a single-point fault, and assure a smooth reconfiguration process. Both simulation and experimental\r\nresults illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed fault-tolerant control system....
Vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) are highly mobile wireless ad hoc networks for vehicular safety and other commercial\r\napplications, whereby vehicles move non-randomly along roads while exchanging information with other vehicles and roadside\r\ninfrastructures. Inter-vehicle communication (IVC) is achieved wirelessly using multihop communication, without access to fixed\r\ninfrastructure. Rapid movement and frequent topology changes cause repeated link breakages, increasing the packet loss rate.\r\nGeographical routing protocols are suitable for VANETs. However, they select the node nearest to the destination node as a relay\r\nnode within the transmission range, increasing the possibility of a local maximum and link loss because of high mobility and urban\r\nroad characteristics.We propose a grid-based predictive geographical routing (GPGR) protocol, which overcomes these problems.\r\nGPGR uses map data to generate a road grid and to predict the moving position during the relay node selection process. GPGR\r\ndivides roads into two-dimensional road grids and considers every possible node movement. By restricting the position prediction\r\nin the road grid sequence, GPGR can predict the next position of nodes and select the optimal relay node. Simulation results using\r\nns-2 demonstrated performance improvements in terms of local maximum probability, packet delivery rate, and link breakage\r\nrate....
The Dedicated Short-Range Communications (DSRC) standards suite is based on multiple cooperating standards mainly\r\ndeveloped by the IEEE. In particular, we focus this paper on the core design aspects of DSRC which is called Wireless Access\r\nin Vehicular Environment (WAVE). WAVE is highlighted in IEEE 1609.1/.2/.3/.4. The DSRC and WAVE standards have been the\r\ncenter of major attention in both research and industrial communities. In 2008,WAVE standard was the third best seller standards\r\nin the history of the IEEE. This attention reflects the potential of WAVE to facilitate much of the vehicular safety applications.\r\nIn this paper we present a fairly detailed tutorial of the WAVE standards. We extend the paper by describing some of the lessons\r\nlearned from particular design approaches. We direct the reader to the landmark research papers in relevant topics. We alert the\r\nreader about major open research issues that might lead to future contribution to the WAVE design....
The integration of a flywheel as a power handling can increase the energy storage capacity and reduce the number of battery\r\ncharge/discharge cycles. Furthermore, the ability of recovering energy of the vehicle during breaking can increase the system\r\nefficiency. The flywheel-based all-electric driveline investigated here has its novelty in the use of a double-wound flywheel\r\nmotor/generator, which divides the system in two different voltage levels, enhancing the efficiency of the electric driveline.\r\nThe connection of two AC electrical machines (i.e., the flywheel and the wheel motor) with different and variable operation\r\nfrequency is challenging. A power matching control applied to an AC/DC/AC converter has been implemented. The AC/DC/AC\r\nconverter regenerates the electric power converted during braking to the flywheel machine, used here as power handling device.\r\nBy controlling the power balance, the same hardware can be used for acceleration and braking, providing the reduction of\r\nharmonics and robust response. A simulation of the complete system during braking mode has been performed both in Matlab\r\nand Simulink, and their results have been compared. The functionality of the proposed control has been shown and discussed,\r\nwith full regeneration achieved. A round-trip efficiency (wheel to wheel) higher than 80% has been obtained....
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